Bullion Verification & Assay
10 min read
How to Test Physical Gold Bars for Tungsten Inserts & Counterfeits
Essential non-destructive assay protocols: ultrasonic velocity gauges, specific gravity tests, and eddy current sensors to spot fake bullion.
Bullion Verification & Assay
8 min read
Gold Bar Assay Testing: Fire Assay vs. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
The definitive laboratory guide to verifying bullion fineness: classical cupellation fire assay vs. modern non-destructive XRF analyzers.
Bullion Verification & Assay
8 min read
Gold Bar Serial Numbers & Blockchain Provenance: Tracking Ethical Bullion
How laser-etched matrix serials and distributed ledgers verify conflict-free gold bar origin from mine to allocated vault.
Bullion Verification & Assay
7 min read
Micro-Engravings & Optical Kinegrams: How Modern Gold Bars Defeat Forgers
Exploring laser diffraction gratings and proprietary security seals embedded directly onto gold bar surfaces.